Publications

• Locke, K. D. (2025). Are there differences in the everyday social comparison experiences of youth in the 1990s versus 2020s? Comprehensive Results in Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/23743603.2025.2507435
• Horner, M. S., Locke, K. D., & Hulsey, T. L. (2025). Assessing affective dimensions of the interpersonal circumplex: Development and validation of the Interpersonal Emotion Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2024.2400266
• Locke, K. D., & Martin, C. C. (2024). Evaluating an abbreviated version of the Circumplex Team Scan inventory of within-team interpersonal norms. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 40, 184-194. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000752
• Locke, K. D. (2023). Group identification and perceived self-group similarity: Differentiating projection from introjection. Self and Identity, 22, 1027-1051. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2023.2244723
• Locke, K. D. (2023). Interpersonal Circumplex Models and Measures of Personality. EBSCO Pathways to Research in Psychology, October, 1–9.
  Note: The above chapter was designed to be a relatively brief non-technical introduction to circumplex measures of interpersonal dispositions.
• Thielmann, I., Rau, R., & Locke, K. D. (2023). Trait-specificity versus global positivity: A critical test of alternative sources of assumed similarity in personality judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 124(4), 828-847. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000420
• Martin, C. C., & Locke, K. D. (2022). What do peer evaluations represent? A study of rater consensus and target personality. Frontiers in Education, 7:746457. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.746457
• Wright, A., Adler, J., DeYoung, C., Durbin, C. E., Edelstein, R., Jordan, C., Locke, K., Luo, S., Lynam, D., von Stumm, S., Zeigler-Hill, V., & Tennen, H. (2021). Transparency and open science at the Journal of Personality. Journal of Personality, 89, 171-174. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12626
• Locke, K. D., MacDonald, G., Barni, D., Reyes, J. A. S., Morio, H., Vargas-Flores, J. de J., Ibáñez-Reyes, J., Mastor, K. A., & Kamble, S. (2021). Communal Motives Towards Parents and Perceived Self-Parent Agreement. Collabra: Psychology, 7(1): 22165. https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.22165
• Locke, K. D. (2020). Power values and power distance moderate the relationship between workplace supervisory power and job satisfaction. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 19, 135-141. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000257
• Locke, K. D., Barni, D., Morio, H., MacDonald, G., Mastor, K. A., Vargas-Flores, J. D., Ibáñez-Reyes, J., Reyes, J. A., Kamble, S., & Ortiz, F. (2020). Culture moderates the normative and distinctive impact of parents and similarity on young adults’ partner preferences. Cross-Cultural Research, 54, 435-461. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397120909380
• Locke, K. D., Mastor, K. A., MacDonald, G., Barni, D., Morio, H., Reyes, J. A., Vargas-Flores, J. D., Ibáñez-Reyes, J., Kamble, S., & Ortiz, F. (2020). Young adults’ partner preferences and parents’ in-law preferences across generations, genders, and nations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 50, 903-920. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2662
• Landy, J. F. et al. (2020). Crowdsourcing hypothesis tests: Making transparent how design choices shape research results. Psychological Bulletin, 146, 451-479. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000220
• Oulovský, P., Košová, M., Kopecký, R., & Locke, K. D. (2020). Psychometric properties of the Circumplex Scales of Interpersonal Values in the Czech population. Ceskoslovenska Psychologie, 64, 155-167.
• Locke, K. D. (2020). Agency and communion in social comparison. In J. Suls, R. Collins, & L. Wheeler (Eds.), Social comparison, judgment and behavior (pp. 178-200). New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190629113.003.0007
• Aydin, A. L., Ullrich, J., Siem, B., Locke, K. D., & Shnabel, N. (2019a). The effect of social class on agency and communion: Reconciling identity-based and rank-based perspectives. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10, 735–745. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550618785162
• Aydin, A. L., Ullrich, J., Siem, B., Locke, K. D., & Shnabel, N. (2019b). Agentic and communal interaction goals in conflictual intergroup relations. Journal of Social and Political Psychology. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v7i1.746
• Locke, K. D. (2019). Development and validation of a circumplex measure of the interpersonal culture in work teams and organizations. Frontiers in Psychology, 10:850. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00850
• Locke, K. D., Sadler, P., & McDonald, K. (2019). Cross-situational consistency of trait expressions and injunctive norms among Asian-Canadian and European-Canadian undergraduates. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 25, 210-219. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000195
• Leising, D., & Locke, K. D. (2019). Leonard M. Horowitz. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1759-1
• Locke, K. D., Sayegh, L., Weber, C., & Turecki, G. (2018). Interpersonal self-efficacy, goals, and problems of persistently depressed outpatients: Prototypical circumplex profiles and distinctive subgroups. Assessment, 25, 988-1000. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116672330
• Locke, K. D. (2018). Agentic and communal social motives. In A. E. Abele & B. Wojciszke (Eds.), Agency and communion in social psychology (pp. 65-78). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203703663-6
• Luo, X., Nuttall, A. K., Locke, K. D., & Hopwood, C. J. (2018). Dynamic longitudinal relations between binge eating symptoms and severity and style of interpersonal problems. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127, 30-42. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000321
• Locke, K. D. (2018). Social Relations Model. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1268-1
• Locke, K. D., Church, A. T., Mastor, K. A., Curtis, G. J., Sadler, P., McDonald, K., Vargas-Flores, J. D., Ibáñez-Reyes, J., Morio, H., Reyes, J. A., Cabrera, H. F., Mazuera Arias, R., Rincon, B. C., Albornoz-Arias, N. C., Muñoz, A., & Ortiz, F. (2017). Cross-situational self-consistency in nine cultures: The importance of separating influences of social norms and distinctive dispositions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43, 1033-1049. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167217704192
• Locke, K. D., & Heller, S. (2017). Communal and agentic interpersonal and intergroup motives predict preferences for status versus power. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43, 71-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167216675333
• Locke, K.D., Sayegh, L., Penberthy, J. K., Weber, C., Haentjens, K., & Turecki, G. (2017). Interpersonal circumplex profiles of persistent depression: Goals, self-efficacy, problems, and effects of group therapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73, 595-611. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22343
• Schmitt, D. P., … Locke, K. D., et al. (2017). Narcissism and the strategic pursuit of short-term mating: Universal links across 11 world regions of the International Sexuality Description Project-2. Psychological Topics, 26, 89-137. https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.26.1.5
• Leising, D., Locke, K. D., Kurzius, E., & Zimmerman, J. (2016). Quantifying the association of self-enhancement bias with self-ratings of personality and life satisfaction. Assessment, 23, 588-602. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191115590852
• Locke, K. D., & Mitchell, G. E. (2016). Self-Perceptions, parent-perceptions, and meta-perceptions of the interpersonal efficacy of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 13, 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2016.07.006
• Ling, Y., Zhang, M., Locke, K. D., Li, G., & Li, Z. (2016). Examining the process of responding to Circumplex Scales of Interpersonal Values items: Should ideal point scoring methods be considered? Journal of Personality Assessment, 98, 310-318. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2015.1077852
• Locke, K. D. (2015). Agentic and communal social motives. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 9(10), 525–538. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12201
• Mitchell, G. E., & Locke, K. D. (2015). Lay beliefs about autism spectrum disorder among the general public and childcare providers. Autism: International Journal of Research and Practice, 19, 553-561. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361314533839
• Leising, D., Scherbaum, S., Locke, K. D., Zimmerman, J. (2015). A model of "substance" and "evaluation" in person judgments. Journal of Research in Personality, 57, 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2015.04.002
• Church, A. T., Katigbak, M. S., Ibáñez-Reyes, J., Vargas-Flores, J. D., Curtis, G. J., Tanaka-Matsumi, J., Cabrera, H. F., Mastor, K. A., Zhang, H., Shen, J., Locke, K. D., Alvarez, J. M., Ching, C. M., & Ortiz, F., Simon, J. R. (2014). Relating self-concept consistency to hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in eight cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45, 695-712. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022114527347
• Locke, K. D. (2014). Circumplex Scales of Intergroup Goals: An interpersonal circle model of goals for interactions between groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40, 433-449. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167213514280
• Locke, K. D., Zheng, D., & Smith, J. (2014). Establishing commonality versus affirming distinctiveness: Patterns of personality judgments in China and the United States. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5(4), 389-397. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550613506718
• Locke, K. D. (2014). Agency and communion in social comparisons. In Z. Krizan & F. X. Gibbons (Eds.), Communal Functions of Social Comparison (pp.11-38). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139035583.003
• Ching, C. M., Church, A. T., Katigbak, M. S., Locke, K. D., Vargas-Flores, J. D. J., Ibáñez-Reyes, J., Morio, H., Wenmei, S., Mastor, K. A., Roslan, N. A., Zhang, H., Shen, J., Alvarez, J. M., & Ortiz, F. A. (2013). Cross-cultural generalizability of the personality and role identity structural model (PRISM): Implications for trait and cultural psychology. Journal of Research in Personality, 47(6), 894-907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013.08.012
• Church, A. T., Katigbak, M. S., Ching, C. M., Zhang, H., Shen, J., Arias, R. M., Rincon, B. C., Morio, H., Tanaka-Matsumi, J., Takaoka, S., Mastor, K. A., Roslan, N. A., Ibáñez-Reyes, J., Vargas-Flores, J. D., Locke, K. D., Reyes, J. A., Wenmei, S., Ortiz, F. A., Alvarez, J. M. (2013). Within-Individual variability in self-concepts and personality states: Applying density distribution and situation-behavior approaches across cultures. Journal of Research in Personality, 47, 922-935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2013.09.002
• MacDonald, G., Locke, K. D., Spielmann, S., & Joel, S. (2013). Insecure attachment predicts ambivalent social threat and reward perceptions in romantic relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 30, 647-661. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407512465221
• Church, A. T., Katigbak, M. S., Locke, K. D., Zhang, H., Shen, J., Vargas-Flores, J., Ibanez-Reyes, J., Tanaka-Matsumi, J., Curtis, G. J., Cabrera, H. F., Mastor, K. A., Alvarez, J. M., Ortiz, F. A., Simon, J-Y., Ching, C. M. (2013). Need satisfaction and well-being: Testing self-determination theory in eight cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44, 507-534. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022112466590
• Locke, K. D., Craig, T. Y., Baik, K., & Gohil, K. (2012). Binds and bounds of communion: Effects of interpersonal values on assumed similarity of self and others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, 879-897. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029422
• Thomas, A., Locke, K., & Straub, B. (2012). Das Inventar zur Erfassung interpersonaler Motive: Entwicklung und Validierung einer deutschsprachigen Version der Circumplex Scales of Interpersonal Values [IIM: Development and Validation of a German Version of the Circumplex Scales of Interpersonal Values]. Diagnostica, 54(4), 211-226. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000074 [in German]
• Church, A. T., Alvarez, J. M., Katigbak, M. S., Mastor, K. A., Cabrera, H. F., Tanaka-Matsumi, J., Vargas-Flores, J. D., Ibáñez-Reyes, J., Zhang, H., Shen, J., Locke, K. D., Ortiz, F., Curtis, G. J., Simon, J. R., Ching, C. M., & Buchanan, A. L. (2012). Self-Concept consistency and short-term stability in eight cultures. Journal of Research in Personality, 46, 556-570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2012.06.003
• Locke, K. D., & Adamic, E. (2012). Interpersonal circumplex vector length and Interpersonal decision making. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 764-769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.06.001
• Sayegh, L., Locke, K. D., Pistilli, D., Penberthy, J. K., Chachamovich, E., McCullough, J. P., & Turecki, G. (2012). Cognitive Behavioural Analysis System of Psychotherapy for treatment-resistant depression: Adaptation to a group modality. Behaviour Change, 29, 97-108. https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2012.2
• Locke, K. D. (2011). Interpersonal moderators of the effects of upward comparisons on ability judgments. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 33, 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2010.539952
• Locke, K. D. (2011). Circumplex measures of interpersonal constructs. In L. M. Horowitz & S. Strack (Eds.), Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology (pp. 313-324). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
• Swami, V., et al. [I was one of 60 co-authors]. (2010). The attractive female body weight and female body dissatisfaction in 26 countries across 10 world regions: Results of the International Body Project I. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 309–325. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167209359702
• Locke, K. D. (2009). Aggression, narcissism, self-esteem, and the attribution of desirable and humanizing traits to self versus others. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 99-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2008.10.003
• Locke, K. D., & Baik, K. (2009). Does an acquiescent response style explain why Koreans are less consistent than Americans? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40, 319-323. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022108328915
• Locke, K. D., & Braun, C. C. (2009). Ambivalence versus valence: Analyzing the effects of opposing attitudes. Social Cognition, 27(1), 89-104. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2009.27.1.89
• Locke, K. D. (2008). Attachment styles and interpersonal approach and avoidance goals in everyday couple interactions. Personal Relationships, 15, 359-374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2008.00203.x
• Schmitt, D. P., et al. [I was one of dozens of co-authors]. (2007). The geographic distribution of big five personality traits: Patterns and profiles of human self-description across 56 nations. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38, 173-212.
• Locke, K.D., & Christensen, L. (2007). Re-Construing the relational self-construal and its relationship with self-consistency. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 389-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.04.005
• Locke, K. D. (2007). Personalized and generalized comparisons: Causes and consequences of variations in the focus of social comparisons. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 213-225. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167206293492
• Locke, K. D., & Sadler, P. (2007). Self-efficacy, values, and complementarity in dyadic interactions: Integrating interpersonal and social-cognitive theory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 94-109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167206293375
• Locke, K. D. (2006). Interpersonal circumplex measures. In S. Strack (Ed.), Differentiating normal and abnormal personality (2nd Ed., pp. 383-400). New York: Springer.
• Locke, K. D. (2006). What predicts well-being: a consistent self-concept or a desirable self-concept? Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25, 228-247. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2006.25.2.228
• Locke, K. D. (2005). Interpersonal problems and interpersonal expectations in everyday life. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24, 915-931. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2005.24.7.915
• Locke, K. D. (2005). Connecting the horizontal dimension of social comparison with self-worth and self-confidence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 795-803. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204271634
• Schmitt, D. P., et al. [I was one of dozens of co-authors]. (2004). Patterns and Universals of Adult Romantic Attachment Across 62 Cultural Regions: Are Models of Self and Other Pancultural Constructs? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 367-402. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022104266105
• Schmitt, D. P., et al. [I was one of dozens of co-authors]. (2004). Patterns and universals of mate poaching across 53 nations: The effects of sex, culture, and personality on romantically attracting another person's partner. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 560-584. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.86.4.560
• Schmitt, D. P., et al. [I was one of dozens of co-authors]. (2003). Are men universally more dismissing than women? Gender differences in romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions. Personal Relationships, 10, 309-333. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6811.00052
• Schmitt, D. P., et al. [I was one of dozens of co-authors]. (2003). Universal sex differences in the desire for sexual variety: Tests from 52 nations, 6 continents, and 13 islands. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 85-104. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.1.85
• Locke, K. D. (2003). Status and solidarity in social comparison: Agentic and communal values and vertical and horizontal directions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 619-631. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.3.619
• Locke, K. D. (2003). H as a measure of the complexity of social information processing. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7, 268-280. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0703_05
• Locke, K. D. (2002). Are descriptions of the self more complex than descriptions of others? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1094-1105. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672022811008
• Locke, K. D. (2000). Circumplex Scales of Interpersonal Values: Reliability, validity, and applicability to interpersonal problems and personality disorders. Journal of Personality Assessment, 75, 249-267.
• Locke, K. D., & Nekich, J. (2000). Agency and communion in naturalistic social comparison. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 864-874. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167200269011
• Eldredge, K. L., Locke, K. D., & Horowitz, L. M. (1998). Patterns of interpersonal problems associated with binge eating disorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 23, 383-389. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199805)23:4<383::AID-EAT5>3.0.CO;2-E
• Locke, R. G., Baumgart, S., Locke, K. D., Goodstein, M., Thies, C., & Greenspan, J. (1997). The effect of maternal depression on premature infant health during initial hospitalization. Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 97, 145-149. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.1997.97.3.145
• Locke, K. D., & Horowitz, L. M. (1997). The multifaceted self effect: Flexibility or merely self-enhancement? Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 406-422. https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1997.2188
• Matano, R., & Locke, K. D. (1995). Personality disorder scales as predictors of interpersonal problems of alcoholics. Journal of Personality Disorders, 9, 62-67. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.1995.9.1.62 (co-first-authored)
• Matano, R., Locke, K. D., & Schwartz, K. (1994). MCMI personality subtypes for male and female alcoholics. Journal of Personality Assessment, 63, 250-264. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6302_5 (co-first-authored)
• Locke, K. D., & Keltner, D. (1993). Using art for comparison and distraction: Effects on negative emotions and judgments of satisfaction. Cognition and Emotion, 7, 443-460. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699939308409198
• Keltner, D., Locke, K. D., & Audrain, P. (1993). The influence of attributions on the relevance of negative feelings to personal satisfaction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 21-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167293191003
• Horowitz, L. M., Locke, K. D., Morse, M. B., Waikar, S. V., Dryer, D. C., Tarnow, E., & Ghannam, J. (1991). Self-derogations and interpersonal theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 68-79. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.68
• Locke, K. D., & Horowitz, L. M. (1990). Satisfaction in interpersonal interactions as a function of similarity in level of dysphoria. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 823-831. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.823